為什么俄羅斯賣給印度的航母是徹頭徹尾的蹩腳貨

Why India's Aircraft Carrier from Russia Was a Total Lemon

為什么俄羅斯賣給印度的航母是徹頭徹尾的蹩腳貨

Key point: Buyers can't be choosers when there are very few sellers to pick from.

Like a lot of countries, India wants the best weapons it can afford. But ideological and financial concerns mean there are a lot of things it won’t buy from the United States or Europe. That pretty much leaves, well, Russia.

India has been a big buyer of Russian weapons for 50 years. Those haven’t been easy years for New Delhi. India’s defense contracts with Russia have consistently suffered delays and cost overruns. And the resulting hardware doesn’t always work.

Of all India’s Russian procurement woes, none speak more to the dysfunctional relationship between the two countries than the saga of INS Vikramaditya. In the early 2000s, India went shopping for a new aircraft carrier. What followed was a military-industrial nightmare.

要點：當可供選擇的賣家很少的時候，買家就沒辦法挑三揀四了。

像許多國家一樣，印度希望購買到能力范圍內最好的武器。但意識形態和財力方面的擔憂意味著，印度沒法從美國或歐洲購買到很多東西。那么剩下可選的就是俄羅斯了。

50年來，印度一直是俄羅斯武器的大買家。這幾年對新德里來說并不容易。印度與俄羅斯的防務合同一直受到拖延和成本超支的困擾。結果武器硬件常常出問題。

印度在俄羅斯采購方面遇到的所有麻煩中，尤以“維克拉瑪蒂亞號”航母最能說明兩國關系的失調。21世紀初，印度購買了一艘新航母。可沒想到隨之而來的是一場軍工噩夢。

Wanted—one new(ish) carrier

In 1988, the Soviet Union commissioned the aircraft carrier Baku. She and her four sisters of the Kiev class represented a unique Soviet design. The front third resembled a heavy cruiser, with 12 giant SS-N-12 anti-ship missiles, up to 192 surface-to-air missiles and two 100-millimeter deck guns. The remaining two-thirds of the ship was basically an aircraft carrier, with an angled flight deck and a hangar.

Baku briefly served in the Soviet navy until the USSR dissolved in 1991. Russia inherited the vessel, renamed her Admiral Gorshkov and kept her on the rolls of the new Russian navy until 1996. After a boiler room explosion, likely due to a lack of maintenance, Admiral Gorshkov went into mothballs.

需求：一艘新航母

1988年，蘇聯建造了巴庫號航空母艦。這艘航母和另外四艘基輔級航母代表著獨特的蘇聯設計。其有三分之一類似重型巡洋艦，配備12枚巨型SS-N-12反艦導彈，多達192枚地對空導彈和兩門100毫米甲板炮。還有三分之二基本而言是航空母艦，上有一個傾斜的飛行甲板和一個機庫。

巴庫曾在蘇聯海軍短暫服役到1991年蘇聯。俄羅斯拿回了這艘航母，將其重新命名為“戈爾什科夫海軍上將”號，并將其保留在俄羅斯新海軍的名單上，直到1996年才退役。可能是由于缺乏維護，戈爾什科夫上將發生了鍋爐房爆炸，后被封存。

In the early 2000s, India faced a dilemma. The Indian navy’s only carrier INS Viraat was set to retire in 2007. Carriers help India assert influence over the Indian Ocean—not to mention, they’re status symbols. New Delhi needed to replace Viraat, and fast.

India’s options were limited. The only countries building carriers at the time—the United States, France and Italy—were building ships too big for India’s checkbook. In 2004, India and Russia struck a deal in which India would receive Admiral Gorshkov. The ship herself would be free, but India would pay $974 million dollars to Russia to upgrade her.

21世紀初，印度面臨著一個兩難境地。印度海軍唯一的航母“維拉特”號將于2007年退役。航母幫助印度在印度洋施加影響——更不用說，航母就是身份地位的象征。新德里需要盡快用新航母來取代“維拉特”號。

印度的選擇十分有限。當時有能力建造航母的國家只有美國、法國和意大利，他們建造的航母對印度來說太大了。2004年，印度和俄羅斯達成協議，印度將接收戈爾什科夫海軍上將。這艘航母本身是免費的，但印度需要支付9.74億美元給俄羅斯，對航母進行升級。

美國雅虎網站讀者評論：

譯文來源：三泰虎          譯者：Joyceliu

外文鏈接：https://news.yahoo.com/why-indias-aircraft-carrier-russia-020000698.html

Adam2 days ago

Russian Air Craft Carrier is a White Elephant ---------- looks good but does not work

俄羅斯航空母艦是個華而不實的負擔——看起來不錯，但一點也不實用

Alex

" The ship herself would be free, but India would pay $974 million dollars to Russia to upgrade her."

hahaha that's a deal that puts u at the mercy of Russia if ever I saw one..

“這艘航母本身是免費的，但印度必須支付9.74億美元給俄羅斯，進行航母升級。”

哈哈，這樣的交易，你就得聽俄羅斯擺布了。

Joe

When India opened the repair manual all it had was a picture of duct tape.

當印度翻開維修手冊，里面只有一張管道膠帶的圖片。

Al